Dinamika Produksi Dan Status Pemanfaatan Lobster (Panulirus spp.) Pada Perikanan Skala Kecil Di Indonesia: Analisis Periode 2019–2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33019/jtms.v9i2.7461Kata Kunci:
Lobster, Perikanan Skala Kecil, WPP, Tingkat Pemanfaatan, Over-exploitedAbstrak
Perikanan lobster (Panulirus spp.) di Indonesia didominasi oleh nelayan skala kecil. Penelitian ini menganalisis dinamika produksi, nilai, status pemanfaatan, serta karakteristik operasi penangkapan berdasarkan data Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan tahun 2019–2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif terhadap tren temporal, distribusi spasial per Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan (WPP), evaluasi tingkat pemanfaatan, dan komposisi alat tangkap serta armada. Hasil menunjukkan produksi nasional berfluktuasi dengan puncak 11.191,03 ton pada 2023. Produksi terpusat di tiga WPP utama: 572 , 718 dan 573 dengan kontribusi gabungan 74,10%. Tingkat pemanfaatan aktual periode 2022-2024 di WPP 572 dan 573 mencapai 2,51 dan 1,46, mengindikasikan status over-exploited yang kritis. Alat tangkap pasif mendominasi (>73% produksi), dan armada skala kecil (<5 GT) menyumbang >60% produksi nasional. Temuan ini menegaskan adanya paradoks pengelolaan, di mana perikanan lobster skala kecil memberikan kontribusi ekonomi signifikan, namun secara simultan menjadi sumber utama tekanan eksploitasi berlebih, sehingga menuntut reorientasi kebijakan pengelolaan berbasis WPP yang lebih adaptif.
Unduhan
Referensi
Arief S, Asmirijal AS, Wiadnya DGR, Isdianto A, Caesar NR, Jatmiko I, Utama AA, Tumulyadi A, Bintoro G, Lelono TD, Sutjipto DO, Hadiyah LN, Marsela K, Dhea LA, Asadi MA. 2025. Distribusi dan komposisi spesies lobster (Panulirus spp.) yang tertangkap di perairan Sumatra Barat dan Pulau Tello, Sumatra Utara, Indonesia. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research. 9(2):88-97. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2025.009.02.9.
Arkan MF, Rosdiana H. 2024. Enhancing fisheries sustainability in Indonesia : A critical review of post-production non-tax revenue policy and reform proposals. Journal of Marine Problems and Threats. 1(2):66-75. https://doi.org/10.61511/jmarpt.v1i2.2024.1664.
Benett NJ, Finkbeiner EM, Ban NC, Belhabib D, Jupiter SD, Kittinger JN, Mangubhai S, Scholtens J, Gill D, Christie P. 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic, small scale fisheries and coastal fishing communities. Coastal Management. 48(4):336-347. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2020.1766937.
Djasmani SS, Djumanto, Sukardi. 2012. Pemanfaatan dan laju tangkap udang lobster di Pantai Selatan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada. 14(1):20-26. https://doi.org/10.22146/jfs.9051.
Efendi DS, Adrianto L, Yonvitner, Wardiatno Y. 2020. Spatial bioeconomic analysis of grouper fishing on the fisheries management framework in Saleh Bay. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan. 10(2):338-351. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.10.3.338-351.
Febriani PR, Mudzakir AK, Asriyanto. 2014. Analisis CPUE, MSY, dan usaha penangkapan lobster (Panulirus sp.) di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Journal of Fisheries Resources Utilization Management and Technology. 3(3):208-217.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2021. The impact of COVID-19 on fisheries and aquaculture food systems, possible responses. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb2537en.
Goldstein JS, Gutzler BC, Kough AS, Carloni JT, Dayton AM, Guenther CM. 2025. A review of American lobster (Homarus americanus) research since 2000. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture. 34(1):1-56. https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2025.2514440.
Griffeth SP, Baker KD, Mullowney DRJ. 2023. Short-term fishery gains mask long-term resource pains: spatial fisheries management changes promote hyperstable CPUE in Labrador snow crab Chionoecetes opilio during a period of heavy exploitation. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 54(5): 1359-1371. https://doi.org/10.1002.nafm.10934.
Haj MH, Zulbainarni N, Novindra N. 2023. Strategi dan kebijakan pengelolaan usaha budidaya lobster mutiara (P. ornatus) berkelanjutan di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Kebijakan Perikanan Indonesia. 15(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.15.1.2023.1-9.
Hardin G. 1968. The tragedy of the commons. Science. 162(3859):1243-1248. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3859.1243.
Hilborn R, Amoroso RS, Anderson CM, Baum JK, Branch TA, Costello C, Moor CLd, Faraj A, Hively D, Jensen OP, Kurota H, Little LP, Mace P, McClanahan T, Melnychuk MC, Minto C, Osio GC, Parma AM, Pons M, Segurado S, Szuwalski CS, Wilson JR, Ye Y. 2020. Effective fisheries management instrumental in improving fish stock status. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 117(4): 2218-2224. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909726116.
Hotijah DS, Faridatussalam SR. 2024. Determining the Trade Value of Indonesian Lobster Exports to Destination Countries in 2018-2023. International Journal of Economics Development Research. 6(5):2705-2717. https://doi.org/10.37385/ijedr.v6i5.8811.
Hoyle SD, Campbell RA, Ducharme-Barth ND, Grüss A, Moore BR, Thorson JT, Tremblay-Boyer L, Winker H, Zhou S, Maunder MN. 2024. Catch per unit effort modelling for stock assessment: a summary of good practices. Fisheries Research. 269: 106860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishers.2023.106860.
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia. 2017. Keputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia Nomor 50/Kepmen-Kp/2017 Estimasi Potensi, Jumlah Tangkapan yang Diperbolehkan, dan Tingkat Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Ikan di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia. Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia.
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia. 2022. Keputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan No 19 Tahun 2022 Tentang Estimasi Potensi Sumberdaya Ikan, Jumlah Tangkapan Ikan yan Diperbolehkan, dan Tingkat Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Ikan di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Negera Republik Indonesia.
Kelly R. 2003. Report on the Spiny Lobster Fishery in Jamaica. Report of the Second Workshop on the Management of Carribbean Spiny Lobster Fisheries in the Wecafc Area Havana, Cuba, 30 September-4 October 2002. FAO Fisheries Report No.715. https://www.fao.org/4/y4931b/y4931b0e.htm
Kuran U, Krause T, Ünal V. 2025. Co-management of small-scale fisheries in the Eastern Mediterranean: Insights and lessons from Türkiye’s Gökova MPA. Maritime Studies. 24(2):1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-025-00410-7.
Lenihan HS, Reed DC, Vigo M, Leiphardt C, Hofmiester JKK, Gallagher JP, Voss C, Moore P, Miller RJ. 2024. Regional differences in fishing behavior determine whether a marine reserve network enhances fishery yield. Scientific Reports. 14:1242. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51525.
Linnane A, McGarvey R, Jones A, Kimber N, Feenstra JE, Matthews JM. 2022. Reflecting on 25 years of quota management in a spiny lobster fishery: lessons learned from a harvest strategy perspective. Fisheries Research. 257: 106516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2022.106516.
Murillas-Maza A, Mugerza E, Bachiller E, Errazkin LA, Louzao M. 2023. Participatory-based bio-economic activity mapping of small-scale fisheries: Towards holistic management in the Bay of Biscay. ICES Journal of Marine Science. 80(5): 1202-1218. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad075.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2020. Fisheries, aquaculture and COVID-19: issues and policy responses. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/a2aa15de-en.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). 2022. OECD Review of Fisheries 2022. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9c3ad238-en.
Panzeri D, Russo T, Arneri E, Carlucci R, Cossarini G, Isajlović, Šifner SK, Manfredi, C, Masnadi F, Reale M, Scarella G, Solidoro C, Spedicato MT, Vrgoč N, Zupa W, Libralato S. 2024. Identifying priority areas for spatial management of mixed fisheries using ensemble of multi-species distribution models. Fish and Fisheries, 25(4):187-204. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12802.
Rahayu I, Herawati T, Nurhayati A. 2023. Bioeconomic nalysis of spiny lobster catching activity in Pangandaran Coast, West Java Province, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux. 16(5):2474-2487.
Rubec PJ. 2016. Introduction to a special section: spatial analysis, mapping, and management of marine fisheries. Marine and Coastal Fisheries. 8(1):132-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2016.1167422.
Simbolon D, Yusfiandayani R, Sabila FR, Limbong M. 2024. Pemetaan zona potensial penangkapan lobster berbasis bio-ekologi di Teluk Palabuhanratu. Semah. 8(1):74-91. https://doi.org/10.36355/semahjpsp.v8i1.1390.
Smallhorn-West P, Cohen PJ, Phillips M, Jupiter SD, Govan H, Pressey RL. 2022. Linking small-scale fisheries co-management to U.N. Sustainable Development Goals. Conservation Biology. 36(6):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13977.
Suherman A, Hernuyadin Y, Suadela P, Furkon UA, Amboro T. 2025. Transformation of Indonesian Capture Fisheries Governance: Review and Prospects. Marine Policy. 174:106619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2025.106619.
Vanderstichel R, Boyd C, Delagry A, Lego C, Mosher J, Penney C, Sarty M, Stokesbury. 2025. Effect of trap soak times on risk of bycatch from offshore lobster Homarus americanus fishing operations in southwest Nova Scotia, Canada. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 756:51-69. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14806.
Villasante S, Murillas A, Pita P, Tubío A, Pascual-Fernández JJ, Arangao G, Moranta J, Coll M, Ospina-Alvarez A, Juan Sd, Riuz-Frau A, Prellezo R, Rocha JMD, Steenbeek J, Seiko J, Pennino MG, Ainsworth GB. 2024. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Spanish seafood sector. Marine Policy. 169:106293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106293.
Wahyudin Y, Mahipal. 2024. Pengelolaan perikanan berkelanjutan berbasis model bioekonomi syariah. Segara. 19(2):147-158. https://doi.org/10.15578/segara.v19i2.14960.
Widianti EA, Nurani TW, Sondita MFA, Purwangka F, Wahyuningrum PI. 2021. Komposisi hasil tangkapan lobster (Panulirus spp.) yang didaratkan di pangkalan pendaratan ikan Karangduwur Kabupaten Kebumen Jawa Tengah. Albacore. 5(2):121-132. https://doi.org/10.29244/core.5.3.121-132.
Young M, Sams M, Dalby O, Doran T, Simmons H, Ierodiaconou D. 2024. Two decades of no-take zones enhance lobster (Jasus edwardsii) abundance and size within marine protected areas in southeastern Australia. Biological Conservation. 306:111154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2025.111154.
Zulbainarni N, Haj MH, Novindra. 2024. Sustainability level of the pearl lobster (Panulirus ornatus) aquaculture business using the systems of floating-net cage and fixed-net cage: A case study in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Aquaculture & Fisheries. 9(5):851-859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2023.08.006.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Nopen Setiawan, Kasful Anwar, Donwill Panggabean (Author)
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
