Mineral Journal is a medium that bridges the results of research by students and lecturers which includes exploration, mining and processing of mineral-energy resources, as well as the mining environment or other related issues related to mining activities.
Program Studi Teknik Pertambangan Universitas Bangka Belitung
Analisis Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Kegiatan Coal Getting Terhadap Produksi Batubara PT Banyan Koalindo Lestari Musi Rawas Utara Sumatera Selatan
This study determines actual fuel ratio September and October, calculates cost wasteful fuel consumption, analyzes the factors fuel ratio, and recommends increasing production and fuel ratio efficiency. Primary data cycle time top loading and bottom loading Sany 365Hpro Excavator and Howo NX380 Dump Truck, secondary data fuel ratio plan, actual working hours, and fuel consumption in September and October. The actual fuel ratio value exceeds the fuel ratio plan September 0.508 liters/ton with difference 0.204 liters/ton and October 0.498 liters/ton with difference 0.115 liters/ton. Fuel costs Rp. 128,701,980 in September and Rp. 55,541,132 in October. Factors of the fuel ratio top loading or bottom loading, causing lost opportunities September 5168.25 MT/Month and October 5774.72 MT/Month. Use the same excavator coal cleaning and general activities causes lost time coal getting. Lose opportunity coal cleaning and general activity September 7278.99 MT and October 10115.98 MT. Top loading recommendations for coal getting resulted greater productivity. Using PC Komatsu 200 and shifting coal cleaning and general activity working hours to effective working hours increased production September 37063.03 MT and October 32605.08 MT. Fuel ratio decreased September 0.408 liters/ton with cost efficiency of Rp. 46,685,029.5, while October 0.344 liters/ton with cost efficiency of Rp. 55,541,132.
Implikasi Keterbatasan Serapan Hasil Tambang Rakyat terhadap PAD, Daya Beli Masyarakat, dan Stabilitas Sosial-Ekonomi di Pulau Belitung
Belitung Island is one of Indonesia's largest tin production centers, where mining activities are dominated by community miners operating within PT Timah Tbk's Mining Business Permit area. This study aims to identify the actual conditions of community tin mining and analyze the implications of limited tin ore absorption by PT Timah Tbk on Local Original Revenue (PAD), community purchasing power, and socio-economic stability in Belitung. A qualitative method was employed through field observation, in-depth interviews with 42 respondents (37 community miners, 2 company partners, 3 policymakers), and documentation. Data analysis used descriptive and SWOT approaches. Results show that 73.8% of miners expect increased quotas because limited absorption causes income instability, payment delays, and encourages sales to middlemen. The study identifies four critical implications: (1) no significant increase in PAD; (2) widespread tin ore smuggling (estimated at 80%); (3) declining purchasing power and failure to achieve socio-economic welfare; and (4) the risk of a second wave of demonstrations after October 2025. Policy recommendations include accommodative absorption, strengthening partnerships through village cooperatives, and technology-based supervision.
Analisis Kemajuan Tambang Bulanan Pada Aktivitas Overburden Removal Di PT “X” Kabupaten Muara Enim Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Mining progress analysis was conducted by comparing the monthly plan with the results of the end-of-month survey. This study used a quantitative method, because it uses numbers in its analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine mining progress based on area, depth, and volume, compare survey progress, and analyze factors that influence the achievement of overburden production. Based on the comparison of the monthly plan and topography progress, the results of mining progress were obtained based on 100% area. Based on depth, different percentage achievements were obtained at each elevation ranging from 0% to 100%. And the achievement of mining progress based on volume was 52.20%. Factors that influenced the failure to achieve overburden production, both in terms of depth and volume, included: the use of equipment that did not comply with the plan so that the overburden fleet was not realized from the plan, high rainfall and reduced operating hours due to the month of Ramadan. Efforts that can be made to improve the achievement of overburden production include ensuring the suitability of the number and capacity of equipment according to the planned fleet, reducing bottlenecks, conducting routine equipment maintenance, and optimizing the drainage system so that mining activities continue to run during high rainfall.
Implementasi Alat Water Level Indicator (WLI) Otomatis Dalam Upaya Optimasi Debit Pemompaan di Sump
The sump in the mine is a vital element in mining operations, so special handling is required in this regard. This research discusses the implementation of an automatic Water Level Indicator (WLI) device in mining. This tool is designed to monitor, control, and report the water level in the sump in real-time using an Arduino that utilises an ultrasonic sensor connected to a microcontroller-based control system. The actual measurement of water level data obtained from the WLI enables more precise pump control, thus avoiding the condition of the pump working less optimally. In its application, this WLI will utilise a simple Arduino and several sensors in the analysis, as well as the use of a transmitter to send actual data that will be captured by the receiver. For the power supply, the tool in the field will use solar panels so that this WLI is expected to operate 24 hours in monitoring. The results of this research show that the application of automatic WLI will provide several benefits, including a 5-10% increase in pumping energy efficiency, reduced operational costs by optimising pump working hours, increased working hours of 1-2 hours per day, and obtaining more accurate and actual data. Even in some cases, such as rain in the field, the tool can still work for monitoring so that it can transmit actual data in the field, so it will be very efficient when applied in mining.
Identifikasi Batuan Pembentuk Air Asam Tambang Pada Pit Mayang Menggunakan Uji Statik di PT Menara Cipta Mulia
Mine Acid Water is one of the impacts of the mining industry that must be handled seriously because it can cause environmental quality degradation. The factor for the formation of AAT is due to the presence of sulfide minerals in the rock. It is necessary to prevent the formation of AAT by identifying rocks that are Potential Acid Forming (PAF) and Non Acid Forming (NAF). Identification of an AAT is carried out by static test. The research method uses quantitative data in the form of rock sampling with full coring drilling and conducting static tests in the laboratory. The results of this study were M01 samples (white sandstone) with ANC values of 1.7 KgH2SO4 /ton, NAG pH 6.63, Total Sulfur <0.01%, pH of paste 7.22 and NAPP -1.4 KgH2SO4 /ton. The sample was M02 (sand) with ANC value of 1 KgH2SO4 /ton, NAG pH 6.63, Total Sulfur <0.01%, pH of paste 7.37 and NAPP -0.7 KgH2SO4 /ton. The sample was M03 (black sandstone) with ANC value of 1.4 KgH2SO4 /ton, NAG pH 4.41, Total Sulfur 0.06%, pasta pH 6.89 and NAPP 0.4 KgH2SO4 /ton. The geochemical identification of rocks at PT Menara Cipta Mulia has 2 samples, namely M01 (white sandstone) and M02 (sand) samples that are Non Acid Forming (NAF) and 1 sample, namely M03 (black sandstone) samples that are Potential Acid Forming (PAF).
Pertambangan Timah Inklusif dan Berkelanjutan di Belitung Timur dengan Analisis Promethee
This paper discusses the potential of tin mining in the IUP Laut DU 1562 area in East Belitung Regency. However, this potential is difficult to realize due to regulatory constraints, especially after the Bangka Belitung Province ratified Regional Regulation Number 3/2020 regarding RZWP3K which does not include this area as a mining area, but a fishing zone. Therefore, an inclusive and sustainablity study is needed for the utilization of marine space to provide benefits for the country, local governments, society, and minimize environmental impacts. In this study, PT Timah TBK conducted data and information collection stages and analysis stages, including discussions with related stakeholders, direct observations in the field, and related official documents. The result of this study is the development of three development scenarios, namely inclusive tin mining, exclusive tin mining, and non-tin mining. These scenarios are then analyzed using the Promethee method to produce policy recommendations.
Evaluasi Safety Maturity Level Dengan Metode Saaty Di Tambang PT Mitra Stania Prima, Desa Cit/Mapur Kabupaten Bangka.
This study aims to evaluate the Safety Maturity Level within the mining industry using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method developed by Saaty, allowing for objective and systematic prioritization of influencing factors. A case study was conducted at PT. Mitra Stania Prima, a tin mining company, with the assessment framework referring to the Decree of the Director General of Mineral and Coal No. 10.K/MB.01/DJB.T/2023 concerning the measurement of mining safety maturity levels. The evaluation considered four key indicators: Worker Participation (weight: 0.134, categorized as Proactive), Responsibility of Work Unit Leadership (weight: 0.296, Proactive), Accident and Occupational Disease Statistics and Analysis (weight: 0.164, Planned), and Control Efforts (weight: 0.216, Planned). The results indicate that PT. Mitra Stania Prima achieved a total score of 0.806, placing it at Level 4 (Proactive) on the Safety Maturity Level scale. The most influential factor was the Responsibility of Work Unit Leadership (eigenvalue: 0.44), followed by Control Efforts (eigenvalue: 0.39). It can thus be concluded that the company's current safety maturity is categorized as Proactive, with a final score of 0.81. To achieve the highest level, Resilient (score of 1.00), the company is advised to improve by 0.09 points by strengthening critical aspects, including addressing safety audit findings, digitalizing safety documentation, and involving third-party vendors in enhancing overall safety maturity.
Kajian Kelayakan Jalan Angkut Menggunakan Metode AASHTO, Unsurfaced Road Condition Indeks dan California Bearing Ratio di PT Mandala Karya Prima, Kalimantan Utara
PT Mandala Karya Prima is facing challenges due to damage to the roadway that has caused a decline in travel hauler performance, resulting in unmet overburden production targets. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and recommend road geometry based on AASHTO methods, transport road quality based on URCI values, and transport road bearing capacity based on CBR testing using the DCP tool. The width of the straight road ranges from 26 to 47 meters, and 22 meters on curved roads. The road grade varies from 1.666% to 10.041%, and the cross slope is not formed. The superelevation is 0.0156 m/m with a curvature radius of 30.387 meters. The quality value of the transport road on Jl. Jati STA 200 – 1700 is 51-73 with a Good rating on the dry loading lane and on the post-rain loading lane with a value of 39-67 and a Fair rating. Meanwhile, the URCI value on the empty lane with dry conditions is 59-77 with a Good rating, and on the empty lane under post-rain conditions, it has a Good rating with values ranging from 32-69. The varying CBR values range from 18.1% to 31%, with an average of 25.6%, which is still below the required standard of 36.23%. Recommendations that can be made for improving access roads include road widening, spoil relocation, reformation of drainage, road material backfilling, use of graders and compactors, and patching at several points.
Kajian Teknis Flyrock Dan Jarak Aman Minimum Peledakan Di Jobsite PT Unggul Dinamika Utama Site PT Indexim Coalindo
This study examines the condition of flyrock and safe blasting distance at the jobsite of PT Unggul Dinamika Utama-PT Indexim Coalindo in East Kutai, East Kalimantan. The study was conducted at Pit Tempudo 6 by collecting blasting geometry data and actual flyrock points using GPS as many as 30. The research method used was the actual calculation of flyrock throwing distance using Pythagoras and the predicted calculation of flyrock throwing distance using the theory of Richard and Moore and Ebrahim Ghasemi which was then carried out a technical study of flyrock and minimum safe blasting distance. The processing results showed the use of an average blasting geometry with a burden value of 7.86m, spacing of 8.96m, stemming of 3.64m, blast hole depth of 7.05m, powder column of 81.64kg with the furthest actual flyrock distance of 90.3m. The influence of blasting geometry parameters obtained a burden value of 0.01%, spacing of 0.86%, Stemming of 18.09%, blast hole depth of 6.38%, powder column of 2.21%. Stemming has a high influence on flyrock, with a percentage of 18.09%. Additional factors such as inadequate site preparation and insufficiently dense stemming also contribute to flyrock. Theoretical predictions after the calculated data were transformed showed that the Richard and Moore cratering factor method had the closest results, at 24%, compared to Ebrahim Ghasemi's 29%. Based on technical studies, the recommended safe radius is 181 m for heavy equipment, while for humans it remains at 500 m.
Blasting, Flyrock, Safe evacuation distance
Potensi Logam Tanah Jarang (LTJ) pada Parting Batubara dan Estimasi Sumberdaya Hipotetik di PT Kuansing Inti Makmur
Rare Earth Elements (REEs) have become critical components in modern technology; however, global reliance on Chinese supply (>80%) and the scarcity of economic deposits necessitate the diversification of REE sources, including utilizing coal ash. This study examines the REE potential in coal parting as the primary source of coal combustion ash materials at PT Kuansing Inti Makmur (PT KIM), Bungo Regency, Jambi Province, which features multi-parting coal characteristics with a high ash content (14.36%). The methodology includes Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis for REE quantification and petrographic analysis for mineralogical characterization. The results reveal that the total REE content in the parting reaches 180.01 ppm, dominated by Cerium (Ce) (65.68 ppm) and Neodymium (Nd) (38.91 ppm). Petrographic analysis identifies the REE-bearing host rock as siliciclastic sediment composed primarily of quartz and feldspar within a clay matrix. Based on a parting volume of 85,000 m3, the hypothetical resource estimation yields a total potential of 32.13 tonnes of REE, including Ce (11.7 tonnes) and Nd (6.9 tonnes). These findings indicate that the high-ash, multi-parting coal parting at PT KIM holds significant potential as an alternative REE source through the utilization of residual coal combustion ash. The presence of REE within the parting enables its accumulation and enrichment during the combustion process.
Analisis Perbandingan Kuantitas Batubara Antara Drone Dji Phantom 4 RTK Dengan Terrestrial Laserr Scanner Pada Stockpile LS DH5
Calculation of coal quantity can be done by various methods, one of which is by measuring the detailed situation using survey tools such as Total Station, GPS or GNSS, can also use Terrestrial Laser Scanner and popular technology currently used for volumetric survey activities is unmanned aircraft or drones. The purpose of this study was to determine the quantity of coal stockpile LS DH 5 using the DJI Phantom 4 RTK Drone and Terrestrial Laser Scanner, compare the quantity results of the two measuring instruments and determine the feasibility of the coal quantity measured by the DJI Phantom 4 RTK Drone against the quantity measured by the Terrestrial Laser Scanner. The calculation results using the DJI Phantom 4 RTK Drone were 243,214.506 tons and the calculation results using the Terrestrial Laser Scanner were 242,713.028 tons, between the two calculations there was a difference of 501.478 tons or 0.21%, From this comparison, the calculation results of the DJI Phantom 4 RTK Drone are considered close to accuracy because they are within the tolerance standard (Industry Adapted Error) used, which is 2% according to ASTM D6172-98.
Stockpile, Drone, TLS, Quantity, Feasibility
Kajian Teknis Perencanaan Desain Peledakan Untuk Mengurangi Getaran Tanah di PT Pamapersada Nusantara Site PT Bukit Asam Tbk
The impacts of drill and blast activities is ground vibration. A limit of PPV according to SNI is 5 mm/s for buildings with foundations, masonry and cement. The average PPV in this blasting activity is 2 mm/s. The community is complain that level of ground vibration produced was still felt and worried damage the building. So, PT Bukit Asam Tbk has made a regulation of the ground vibration is ≤ 1 mm/s for blasting in the near houses. The purpose of this study is to make a blast design geometry form burden, spacing, and stemming, weight of explosives maximum, , delay configuration, and estimate of the fragmentation in 800m by PPV ≤ 1 mm/s. This research method uses quantitative research methods by observing, collecting and processing data, testing data results, and making blast designs. The results show that the PPV value can be predicted using the equation of non-linear power regression. The design of the blasting geometry to obtain a PPV value of ≤ 1 mm/s is by using a presplit method, with a vulnerable space of 6 – 7.5 m, a burden of 5 – 6.5 m, and a maximum of explosives is 24-40 Kg/hole.
Slope Geometry Design, Slope Stability, Limit Equilibrium
Analisis Kebutuhan Alat Muat dan Alat Angkut untuk Perubahan Shift Kerja pada Quarry Batugamping PT X, Jawa Barat
PT X is a company engaged in the limestone mining sector and simultaneously serves as a cement supplier. The company plans to transition from a three-shift work schedule to a two-shift system. This decision is driven by the increasing costs associated with mining, safety concerns, and time losses due to equipment maintenance, following various evaluations conducted by the company's management. This research aims to analyze the requirements for loading and transportation equipment necessary to achieve an annual production target of 4,500,000 tons after the implementation of the two-shift work schedule. The research methodology employed is quantitative, encompassing the collection of both primary and secondary data, as well as an analysis of equipment productivity. The findings indicate that to maintain the production target, it is essential to replace the current loading equipment from the CAT 988B wheel loader to the CAT 990H wheel loader. Additionally, adjustments to the number of equipment are required, including two units of the CAT 990H wheel loader and seven units of the CAT 773 dump truck for Crusher 1, as well as two units of the CAT 992K wheel loader and eight units of the CAT 777D dump truck for Crusher 2. The production capacity of this equipment configuration reaches 4,575,457 tons per year, demonstrating that the production target can be optimally met despite the reduction in the number of work shifts.
Analisis Flyrock Untuk Mengurangi Jarak Evakuasi Alat Menjadi 200 Meter Pada Peledakan Overburden Di Kecamatan Marangkayu, Kalimantan Timur
Penerapan radius aman alat sebesar 300 m pada peledakan overburden yang dilakukan setiap hari meningkatkan frekuensi Internal Operasional Delay (IOD), yang berdampak negatif terhadap efisiensi operasional dan meningkatkan konsumsi bahan bakar alat saat melakukan perpindahan menuju radius aman. Analisis Flyrock dilakukan menggunakan batuan berukuran ≥10 cm, dengan pengambilan data menggunakan GPS dan pengamatan arah lemparan flyrock melalui video drone dan pengamatan visual. Estimasi jarak lintasan flyrock maksimum ditentukan berdasarkan metode Richard dan Moore (2005), dengan memperoleh konstanta (k) yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik batuan di lokasi. Nilai prediksi flyrock paling mendekati nilai aktual terjadi pada cratering, dengan persen error terkecil 18,33% dan penyimpangan 12,65 m. Faktor utama yang mempengaruhi jarak lemparan flyrock aktual adalah stemming dengan nilai sebesar 81,50%. Penentuan pengurangan jarak evakuasi alat menjadi radius aman 200 m menggunakan teori exclusion zone oleh Richard dan Moore (2005) dan penentuan skala kedalaman menggunakan teori (SDOB), menghasilkan standar nilai variabel tinggi stemming minimal 3,3 m pada kedalaman 7,80 m.
Benefisiasi Timah Sisa Hasil Pengolahan PT Babel Utama Korpora Menggunakan Humprey Spiral
Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil timah terbesar nomor dua di dunia setelah China. Sebaran sabuk timah Indonesia membentang dari Semenanjung Malaysia, Riau, hingga ke Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Namun, cadangan bijih timah darat yang semakin sedikit, mengakibatkan diperlukannya pemanfaatan timah low grade untuk tetap memenuhi kebutuhan timah. Salah satu sumber timah low grade yang memiliki peluang untuk diolah kembali adalah Sisa Hasil Pengolahan (SHP). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kandungan dalam Sisa Hasil Pengolahan PT Babel Utama Korpora lalu melakukan peningkatan kadar melalui pengolahan menggunakan metode gravity concentration dengan alat humprey spiral. Proses analisa kadar dilakukan dengan metode Grain Counting Analysis (GCA) dan X-ray Fluorescene (XRF). Variabel operasi humprey spiral yang digunakan adalah ukuran butir sebesar 30 mesh, 40 mesh, dan 80 mesh, serta variasi lebar diameter daun humprey spiral 60 cm dan 90 cm. Percobaan peningkatan mendapatkan hasil optimal pada kombinasi variabel ukruan butir 40 mesh dengan lebar diameter daun humprey spiral 60 cm sebesar 0,5% Sn dengan recovery sebesar 26,75%. Namun hasil ini menunjukkan pengolahan kembali tailing tidak ekonomis dikarenakan sangat jauh dari kadar yang diterima untuk proses peleburan yaitu 60% Sn.
Pengukuran Volume Overburden Menggunakan UAV di Pit 3HWE PT Indominco Mandiri
This study aims to measure the overburden volume at Pit 3HWE, PT. Indominco Mandiri using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology. The use of UAV for volume measurement offers a more efficient and accurate alternative compared to conventional methods. In this research, aerial images were captured using a UAV and processed with photogrammetry software to generate a digital surface model (DSM) and 3D maps. The overburden volume calculations were analyzed and compared with manual measurement data as a reference. The results indicate that UAV usage provides accurate results with higher time efficiency, making it a viable method for mining operations. Factors affecting the measurement results, such as weather conditions and image resolution, were also analyzed in this study.
Perancangan Perancangan Dan Penjadwalan Penambangan Tahun 2023 Di Pit 3 PT. Mutiara Fortuna Raya 180 Kabupaten Muaro Jambi
PT Mutiara Fortuna Raya's mining operations are currently guided by an annual mining design without detailed mining scheduling. However, variations in mining direction and sequence can lead to discrepancies in coal expose achievement, ultimately impacting coal production outcomes. High SR locations demand a more overburden volume and time. This research aims to evaluate various mining direction options to determine the most optimal approach. The research methodology uses a quantitative approach, comparing three mining scheduling scenarios: panel scenario, strip scenario, and block scenario. These scenarios are based on the 2023 reserve design results of 180,518 tons coal and 385,390 BCM of overburden. The outcomes of these three scenarios reveal varying stripping ratios across each period. Stripping ratio for the panel scenario: Quarter I SR 10.84, Quarter II SR 4.77, Quarter III SR 1.64, and Quarter IV SR 0.20. Stripping ratio for the strip scenario: Quarter I SR 5.11, Quarter II SR 2.40, Quarter III SR 1.67, and Quarter IV SR 0.53. Stripping ratio for the block scenario: Quarter I SR 8.93, Quarter II SR 3.10, Quarter III SR 1.74, and Quarter IV SR 0.21. Analysis of three scenarios indicates that block scenario presents the most favorable schedulling for implementation.
Pemanfaatan Bunga Matahari Dengan Teknologi Fitoremediasi Untuk Pemulihan Lahan Bekas Tambang Timah di Bangka Belitung
Post-mining due to mining activities will produce heavy metals in the form of acidic water and accumulate in the land. The poor quality of the land used by tin mining causes damage to the land ecosystem so that the land cannot be regrown by vegetation and the Pb (Lead) content in tin tailings is 6.29 ppm. The aim of this research is land restoration, namely carrying out revegetation using sunflower plants to absorb the heavy metal Pb with the concept of edutourism. The method used is a simulation of planting sunflowers on an ex-mining area of 1 Ha, with a planting distance of 1 m, the number of sunflower plants is 8540. The research results show that with the sunflower garden concept by planting 8540 sunflowers, the Pb level that can be absorbed by the plants is 2.8310 kg.
Estimasi Cadangan Batugamping Menggunakan Block Model Berdasarkan Metode Interpolasi IDW pada IUP OP 231 Karangkemojing
The increasing development of infrastructure development has an impact on the increase in cement demand. Cement is used as the main raw material in making concrete and other construction materials. Therefore, limestone mining as a raw material for cement is also increasing. One of the areas that has prospects for limestone mining is IUP OP 231 Karangkemojing which is still in the exploration stage. The purpose of this study is to determine the geological and geomorphological conditions of the study area, determine the amount of limestone reserves, and determine the estimated mine life based on production targets. The methods used in this research are field observation and laboratory analysis including petrographic analysis and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Furthermore, the calculation of limestone reserves was carried out using block modeling and the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method processed using Surpac software. Based on field geological mapping, the research area is included in the wavy hilly and steep hilly structural landforms, which consist of two lithological units, namely sandstone and claystone intermixture units and limestone units. The results of the calculation of limestone reserves in the study area were obtained at 61,444,362 tons with an estimated mine life of about 24 years and 6 months.
Kajian Teknis Kinerja Jig Primer terhadap Kadar Recovery dan Looses Bijih Timah pada SHP KIP Mitra Matras di Bidang Pengolahan Mineral Unit Pengolahan PT Timah Tbk
Bidang Pengolahan Mineral Processing Unit of PT Timah Tbk operates in the field of tin ore processing. The problem at the research location is that there is no standard operating standard for the Primary Jig tool for washing Processing Waste (SHP). The aim of this research is to determine the settings for the Primary Jig variables in order to obtain optimal levels, Sn recovery and looses. The research method used is Grafity Concentration. The feed used is SHP from KIP Mitra Matras. The experiment was carried out 21 times. Each experiment used 7 variations of Primary Jig stroke speed (300 rpm, 350 rpm, 400 rpm, 450 rpm, 500 rpm, 550 rpm, 600 rpm) and Bed thickness (70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm). Grain Counting Analysis shows a feed Sn content value of 9.96%. GCA analysis shows that the minerals in the bait are cassiterite, ilmenite, monazite, zircone, pyrite, siderite, limonite, tourmaline, quartz and iron rust. Low stroke speed results in high concentrate Sn content with low Sn recovery and little looses wasted and vice versa. A high Bed thickness results in low Sn concentrate content, high Sn recovery, and a lot of looses is wasted, and vice versa. Setting the optimal Primary Jig operating variables with variations in punch speed of 450 rpm and Bed thickness of 80 mm obtained a Sn content of 41.36% and a Sn recovery of 60.11%. Based on the results of calculating the degree of liberation, the highest average value of the degree of liberation was obtained at mesh -100, indicating that the SHP KIP Mitra Matras concentrate is classified as having a fine grain size.
Analisis Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Alat Muat dan Angkut Pada Pengupasan Overburden di PT Putra Maga Nanditama Bengkulu Utara
The research was conducted at PT Putra Maga Nanditama site Gunung Selan, PT Putra Maga Nanditama is a company engaged in coal mining. The background to the research is that overburden production did not reach the company's target and fuel consumption for overburden loading and transport equipment exceeded the company's fuel target. The research method used is a quantitative method. Data collection consists of primary and secondary data. Primary data includes tool cycle time and work efficiency, actual fuel consumption as well as road geometry and distance to disposal. Secondary data in the form of regional performance maps, equipment specifications, rainfall data, equipment working hours data, drone maps for August 2023 and contours. Based on the results of research in the field, factors that influence fuel consumption such as road geometry, road conditions and distance to overburden disposal are still not in accordance with established standards. The productivity of the DX800LC Excavator is 279.59 BCM/hour, the Doosan DA45 ADT is 60.47 BCM/hour and the Volvo A40G ADT is 59.37 BCM/hour. For Doosan DX800LC Excavator fuel consumption is 48.21 liters/hour, ADT Doosan DA45 is 26.62 and ADT Volvo A40G is 23.72 liters/hour. The actual fuel comparison for the two haulers is that the ADT Volvo A40G is more efficient than the ADT Doosan DA45 both in terms of fuel consumption and fuel costs.
Analisis Metode Perhitungan Kuantitas Batubara Di Stockpile ROM PT. XYZ
PT XYZ had a method called the on book method to determine the amount of coal tonnage in the ROM stockpile.. This method used the initial stock from the survey calculation resut at the beginning of each month, the incoming coal to the stockpile used truck count method, and the outgoing coal from stockpile used weighbridge calculation. PT XYZ used the survey calculation results at the beginning of the next month rather than on book method result to determine the difference. The Coal tonnages based on survey result data on April 2 was 34.225,454 tons. Whereas, for the on-book calculation, the stock at March 2 was 38.409,083 tons, the coal in 2 March - 2 April was 71.154 tons, and the coal out of 2 March - 2 April was 67.994,52 tons, so the final stock obtained was 41.568,56 tons. The difference from those two methods comparison was 7.343,11 tons. This research discover the factors causing the differences between two methods i.e. incompatible vessel capacity on the truck counts tonnage calculation, disorganized stockpile patterns, declining ROM stockpile base conditions, spilled material, total station tools and weighbridges which had not been calibrated yet.
Estimasi Sumberdaya Andesit dan Breksi Piroklastik Sebagai Bahan Konstruksi PT. Tepat Guna Referindo Lombok Timur
Estimate of andesite and pyroclastic breccia resources at PT Tepat Guna Reforindo has been carried out. Which is an area with potential for non-metallic mining materials. This research was carried out using the Civil 3D Gridding method. One of the non-metallic minerals found in East Lombok district is andesite rock and pyroclastic breccia. The research was carried out using petrological analysis methods to obtain rock types and estimate the availability of minerals and sieve analysis to obtain density values at the research location. Based on the results of petrological analysis, it shows that the sample is a type of andesite rock and also breccia. However, the presence of all samples is dominated by andesite rock samples which are abundant in 95% of the exploration area. Based on the results estimation of andesite rock resources from geological modeling and calculations using the Civil 3D Gridding method from A-B at an elevation of 100-40 meters above sea level, it was found that the measured resource of andesite rock units had a volume of 492,638.108 m3 and resource of pyroclastic breccia rock units had a volume of 738,957.162 m3, results of the analysis of the average rock density of 2.74 g/cm3, then the tonnage of the andesite unit is 1,302,781.480 tons and the pyroclastic breccia tonnage is 1,998,879.120 tons.
Optimalisasi Waktu Hambatan Excavator Untuk Mencapai Target Produksi Batubara Pit C CV Kutai Kumala Energy
The barriers on the activity causes losstime. The losstime of excavator that so high cause coal production targets not to be achieved. Therefore efforts are made to improve the losstime. The analysis of multiple linear regression multivariate is used as a problem solving approach, namely finding the maximum limit of idle time and delay time and formulating the optimal losstime. Based on observations of the idle time and delay time of two excavator units operating in the morning shift, the regression equation is obtained Y = 1832.782 – 95.134X1. The equation of optimal losstime is X2 = -0.8729X1 + 10.71. The simulation is carried out based on the average actual data, the maximum idle time limit of 6.67 hours and a delay time of 4.89 hours. For an idle time of 4.45 hours, it is expected that the delay time will not exceed 6.83 hours in order to achieve the production target. The causes of unfulfilled of production were include rain, landslides, breakdown units, slippery, operator needs and et cetera.
Perencanaan Tahapan Persiapan Dan Perhitungan Reklamasi Di Lahan Bekas Tambang Air Rikai PT Timah Tbk Kabupaten Bangka
The research location chosen was the Air Rikai ex-mining land, which is an alluvial ex-mining land within the IUP of PT Timah Tbk. The negative impact that arises from mining is in the form of land damage. This research aims to overcome damage and also ensure that reclamation activities can be carried out well. The method used in this research is a quantitative method. The data taken is in the form of soil samples, soil pH and water pH data, topographic data (x,y,z coordinates) and bathymetric data for the depth of the pit. The results of data processing and analysis show that the condition of the land to be reclaimed has an area of 13 Ha and is divided into 2, namely voids with a total area of 1.57 Ha and land area of 11.43 Ha. Land use is carried out by stockpiling overburden with a required volume of overburden of 35,511.54 m³. Land leveling with a volume of pushed soil of 35,280 m³. Arrangement of the edge of the pit with a volume of soil moved of 230.29 m³. Construction of drainage channels with an excavation volume of 214.59 m³. Installation of concrete buis type culverts with dimensions of 50 x 50 cm and a length of 50 cm. In the revegetation, 1,517 oil palm trees were planted, then 463 sea cypress trees were planted along the underside and LCC seeds to help loosen the soil. Treating acid mine drainage with 350 water hyacinths. The costs required for reclamation are divided into 2, namely, Direct Costs and Indirect Costs. The direct costs required are IDR 679,286,160 and the indirect costs required are IDR 213,975,140. The total costs required for reclamation of land with an area of 13 Ha are IDR 893,261,300.
Kajian Teknis Kinerja Alat Rod Mill terhadap Pengecilan Ukuran Butir di PT Babel Utama Korpora Site Pemali Kabupaten Bangka
Unit produksi SHP PT BUMAKO Site Pemali merupakan mitra Timah Tbk yang mengolah sisa hasil pengolahan timah untuk diproduksi kembali berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri No. 1827 tahun 2018. Proses pengolahan SHP timah primer di PT BUMAKO menggunakan alat penggerusan berupa Rod Mill dengan proses basah dan proses pencucian menggunakan alat konsentrasi berupa shaking table. Produk hasil dari Rod Mill Upgrading diharapkan minimal 50% berukuran ≥60 mesh. Namun, hasil ukuran penggerusan aktual di PT BUMAKO hanya mencapai 30% dari target. Hal ini disebabkan belum adanya penetapan variabel pada alat tersebut. Akibat rendahnya efektivitas penggerusan tersebut mengakibatkan biaya produksi tinggi dan terganggunya proses konsentrasi, oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian menggunakan alat Rod Mill dengan memvariasikan 3 variabel sebanyak 12 kali percobaan yaitu, waktu penggerusan sebanyak 2 variasi (1,5 jam dan 2 jam), jumlah batang rod sebanyak 3 variasi (25, 23 dan 21 batang) dan volume air sebanyak 2 variasi (140 L dan 150 L air). Hasil pada 12 kali percobaan menunjukkan persentase lolos tertinggi sebesar 59,25% dan persentase lolos terendah sebesar 41,63%. Variabel penggerusan yang paling efektif yakni waktu penggerusan selama 2 jam, jumlah batang rod sebanyak 25 batang dan volume air sebanyak 140 L dengan produk persentase lolos mesh 60 sebesar 59,25%.
Optimasi Desain Geometri Lereng Material Old Dump Pada Usaha Penggalian Ulang Pit X PT. Bukit Asam Tbk
In doing slope design, it is necessary to pay attention to slope geometry and soil shear strength. Determination of slope geometry design also considers the balance between height and slope and production benefits. Research was conducted to analyze slope stability through physical and mechanical properties testing, limit equilibrium, and probabilistic Monte Carlo methods. The surface area of the Overburden stripping area in the 2024 RKP design is 8,172.79 m2. The production target is 2,000,000 tons of coal with a volume of overburden material that must be stripped of 29,000,000 BCM and obtained a Stripping Ratio value of 14.5. The results of the evaluation of the overall slope of the Old Dump material with an overall slope height of 66.582 m, a slope width of 447.69 m, an overall slope of 8.32˚ and a bench width of 25 m, a bench height of 6 m with a comparison ratio of 1:3 and a single slope angle of 18.43˚. Then the redesign was carried out and obtained recommendation results of 64.799 m overall slope height, 303.33 m slope width, 13.02˚ overall slope, and 25 m bench width, bench height at elevation 131-110 of 8 m with a comparison ratio of 1:2, single slope 26.57˚ and at elevation 110-50 of 8 m with a comparison ratio of 1:1.5, single slope 33.69˚.
Pengaruh Pre-roasting Terhadap Kinetika Leaching Fe dari Laterite Tipe Limonite
Extraction of valuable metals from laterite is intensified. The scarcity of sulfide sources containing high Ni and the use of pyrometallurgical processes with high capital costs are important reasons to initiate extraction of valuable metals from oxide minerals such as laterite and hydrometallurgical processes such as leaching. In this study, the effect of pre-roasting of limonite type laterite on Fe leaching kinetics parameters was observed. Roasting was carried out at 280 °C and 610 °C to transform the geotite phase into hematite and dehydroxylate Mg-Si associated minerals. Roasting was carried out for 4 hours in a muffle furnace. Non-roasted and roasted ore were then leached at a temperature range of 30-90 °C at a time variation of 0 to 240 minutes using sulfuric acid at a concentration of 2M, S/L ratio of 10 g/100 mL, and rotating speed of 200 rpm. Roasted ore (280 °C) showed better leaching performance than non-roasted ore while increasing the roasting temperature to 610 °C did not provide a significant increase in Fe recovery. Kinetic parameters such as activation energy (EA) and frequency factor were also reduced by using roasted ore. An EA value of 31.66 kJ/mol was obtained in the leaching process using 280 °C roasted ore. The leaching process is confirmed to be controlled by diffusion through the product layer with the following kinetic equation kt=31.59 exp (-31.66/(RT))t=1-2/3X-(1-X)^(2/3).
Perhitungan Volume Stockpile dan Pengoptimalan Waktu Pengolahan Stockpile 3, 5 dan 6 Terhadap Produksi Alat Gali muat dan Alat Angkut pada TB Primer Batubesi PT Timah Tbk
PT Timah Tbk's Batubesi Primary Large Mine has experienced a significant decline in production in recent years, causing a change in the mining process to stockpile management that is still economical with a grade of 0.2%. This study aims to determine the volume and production of stockpiles 3, 5 and 6, the type of sediment and Sn content of stockpile material and the time required to spend stockpile material 3, 5 and 6 in order to get the optimal time. The method used is a quantitative method by taking cycle time data as much as 30 data and analyzing sample levels using XRF on each stockpile. The results of this study obtained the volume of stockpile 3 material is 132,648.42 m3,, stockpile 5 is 162,570.25 m3, and stockpile 6 is 33,090.19 m3. The calculated machine productivity at stockpile 3 is 42.17 tons/hour, stockpile 5 is 48.11 tons/hour and stockpile 6 is 39.53 tons/hour. The highest Sn content is found in stockpile 6 which is 0.33% with the type of skarn sediment. While the lowest Sn content is found in stockpile 3 which is 0.2% with oxide clay sediment type. In stockpile 5, the Sn content is 0.31% with the type of oxide clay sediment. The remaining volume of stockpile material in stockpiles 3, 5 and 6 can be spent with a time of 2.78 years using 1 unit of excavation equipment and 1 unit of transportation equipment. Optimization is carried out so that the remaining stockpile reserves can be spent within 1.74 years using 1 unit of excavation equipment and 2 units of transport equipment.
Interpretasi Material Pada Rancang Bak Ukur Skala Laboratorium Dengan Pendekatan Konfigurasi Wenner, Wenner – Schlumberger dan Dipole-dipole
Geoelectric measurements have been carried out using multichannel ResistivityMeter (Geores) tools with Wenner, Wenner-Schlumberger, and Dipole-dipole Configuration approaches on the influence of materials arranged in a laboratory-scale measuring tub design with dimensions of 194x184x80 cm. The measured method is the variation in resistivity value against each trajectory of the material. The method used is the variation of resistivity values for each path of the material that has been arranged in a laboratory scale measuring design. Geoelectric measurements were carried out on 7 lines (5 line in the West-East direction and 2 line in the North-South direction). The spacing between the electrodes of each line is 10 cm with 16 electrodes in one line so that each line has a length of 160 cm or 1.6 m which corresponds to the length and width dimensions of a laboratory scale measuring design. The electrode arrangement parameters are constant with respect to changes in the configuration selected from the geores parameters during geoelectric measurements. The measurement results showed that the identified depth reached 31.2 cm. The low resistivity value category has an interval of 374-4,397 ohm.meters at a depth of 0-12.5 cm, which is the influence of building sand material containing water and soil, while the depth interval is 12.5 - 31.2 cm ohm.meters (material category that is influenced by 2 iron rods, tin tailings sand, granite, gravel) with resistivity values ranging from 12,378–67,498 ohm.meters. From experiments on the influence of the resistivity values of the three Wenner, Wenner-Schlumberger, and Dipole-dipole configurations, it was obtained that the smallest absolute error resistivity value in the Wenner configuration was 5.01% against the overall average absolute error resistivity value of 10.16%.