FEED MANAGEMENT FOR WHITELEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) BROODSTOCK REARING AT PT. SUMBER HATCHERY BANGKA, BANGKA BELITUNG PROVINCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33019/w0tyeb89Keywords:
feed management, Broodstock Rearing, Maturation, Natural Feed, Whiteleg ShrimpAbstract
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a leading fishery export commodity that is widely cultivated due to its many advantages, with the demand for seed stock increasing annually. Feed management for whiteleg shrimp broodstock is one of the key factor determining hatchery productivity. This management directly influences the process of gonad maturation, egg quantity, oocyte quality, and hatching rates. Nutrition plays a substantial role in whiteleg shrimp reproduction. To ensure feed efficiency, a robust system is required to optimize feed ulitization. Therefore, it is necessary to observe feed management practices during broodstock maintenance and to determine values for feed efficiency, maturation rate, matting rate, fecundity, fertilization rate, hacthing rate and broodstock survival rate. Both primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed descriptively. The feed used for broodstock maintenance consisted of natural feed items: marine worm, squid, and beef liver. The squid and beef liver were supplemented prior to feeding. These supplements served several functions, including boosting immunity, accelerating gonad maturation, increasing egg hatching rates, and maintaining water quality. The feeding dosage ranged from 3% to 5 % of the broodstock biomass, with a frequency of feeding five times daily at 10:00, 14:00, 17:00, 22:00, 02:00. Observations revealed that the feed efficiency (EPP) values were 0.07% to 29% for male broodstock tanks and 43% - 48% for female broodstock tanks. The maturation rate ranged from 14% to 23%. Over a 20 day spawning period, the mating rate was found tobe 66% to 90%. Fecundity ranged from 187,995 to 241,545 eggs per broodstock. The fertilization rate ranges from 58% to 74%. The egg hatching rate falls within the 60% to 75% range. The survival rate for broodstock both male and female ranges from 88% to 95%.
Downloads
References
Adi, C. P., Aripudin, A., G. Prabowo, M. G. E. Kristiany, N.A. Luthfiadi, W. Wirata. (2023). Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaus Vannamei) Hatchery Technique At CV. Manunggal 23, Serang District, Banten. Barakuda’45: Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan Dan Kelautan, vol.5(2),133–141. https://doi.org/10.47685/barakuda45.v5i2.341
Agung, S., Ernik, Y., Donwill, P., dan Ria, K. (2026). Enhancing shrimp pond productivity using shrimp feeder technology in Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi: a case study of PT. Mina Balong Berkah. Aurelia Journal: Authentic Research of Global Fisheries Application Journal, vol.8(1);49–64. https://doi.org/10.15578/aj.v8i1.19288
Alfaro-Mantoyo, J. (1993). Reproductive quality evaluation of male, Penaeus stylirostris from a grow-out pond. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 24: 6-11.
Avancena, S. (2022). Enhancing The Reproductive Performance of Cultured Shrimp: Novel Information on Scent, Maturation, and Mating. Fish for The People vol.20(1):2022. Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
Austin, B. dan X-H. Zhang. (2006). Vibrio harveyi: a significant pathogen of marine vertebrates and invertebrates. Letter in Applied Microbiology, vol.43(2); 119-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2006.01989.x
Bagus, A,T., Dewi, S. N., & Fariq, A. (2022). Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropa curcas L.) Terhadap Sistem Imun Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Yang Diinfeksi Bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan Kepulauan vol.5(2): 598–609. https://doi.org/10.33387/jikk.v5i2.5483
Badan Standarisasi Nasional. (2024). SNI 9267-3. 2024. SNI Produksi Benih Udang Vaname. 17.
Desilina, A., A.F. Tantri, Rusli, H. Poltak, A. Yani & Mustasim. (2026). Optimalisasi Rasio Pakan Alami Cacing Laut ( Nereis sp .) dan Cumi- Cumi ( Loligo sp .) terhadap Performa Reproduksi Induk Udang Vaname ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) pada Sistem Hatchery Intensif. ULIL ALBAB: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, vol. 5(5), 700–710. https://doi.org/10.56799/jim.v5i5.16769
Fatimah, Wardha Jalil & Supasman Emu. (2022). Studi Reproduksi Induk Udang Vaname ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) Pada Kolam Pemeliharaan Unit Induk III PT.Esaputlii Prakarsa Utama. Aquamarine (Jurnal FPIK Unidayan) vol. 9(2):13–23.
Fauzi, M., Kristiani, M,G.E,, Hapsari, F., & Putra, A. (2022). Kajian Teknis dan Analisis Finansian Pembenihan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di PT.Esaputlii Prakarsa Utama ( Benur Kita ) Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan. Marlin: Marine and Fisheries Science Technology Journal vol. 3 (2):167–186.
Gomes, L.A.O., J. Honculata-Primavera. (1993). Reproductive Quality of Male Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture vol. 112(2-3): 157-164
Hidayat, R. (2017). Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Pakan dan Pertumbuhan Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) pada Media Bioflok dengan C/N Ratio Berbeda. Jurnal Sains Teknologi Akuakultur vol.1(1): 11–20
Hoang, T., Lee. S.Y. Lee., C. P. Keenan.,G.E. Marsden. (2002). Effect of Age, Size, and Light Intensity on Spawning Performance of Pond-reared Penaeus merguiensis. Aquaculture vol. 212(1-4): 373-383
Iskandar, A., A. Rizki, A. Hendriana, G.M. Darmawangsa, Abuzzar. Khoerullah & Muksin. (2021). Manajemen pembenihan udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei di PT Central Proteina Prima, Kalianda, Lampung Selatan. Jurnal Perikanan Terapan (PERANAN), 2 (1),1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/peranan. v2i1.1655
Jiang, S.G., Huang, J,H., Zhou, F. L., Chen, X., Yang, Q. B., Wen, W.G., & Ma. Z.M. (2009). Observation of reproductive development and maturation of male Penaeus monodon reared in tidal and earthen ponds. Aquaculture. 292 :121-128.
Kannan D, Thirunavukkarasu P, Jagadeesan K, Shettu N, Kumar A. (2015). Procedure for Maturation and Spawning of Imported shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in Commercial Hatchery, South East Coast of India. Fish Aquac J 6: 146. doi:10.4172/2150-3508.1000146
Kementrian Kelautan dan Perikanan. (2026). Volume Produksi Perikanan (Budidaya Pembesaran). https://portaldata.kkp.go.id/portals/data-statistik/prod-ikan/summary
Kurniawan, M.D., & Syahputra, T. (2024). Pembenihan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). South East Asian Aquaculture, vol.2(1); 1–5
Laila, K., Siregar, U., Sinaga, A. B., Marpaung, D. A. A., Handayani, R., & Wahyudi, B. (2023). Teknik Pembesaran Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Di Desa Pesisir, Kecamatan Talawi, Kabupaten Batu Bara. Jurnal Grouper, 14(2), 112–117. https://doi.org/10.30736/grouper.v14i2.202
Limsuwatthanathamrong, M., Sarintik, S., Suraphol, C., Saje, N., Nattaya, N. and Amron, P. (2012). Fatty acid profile and lipid composition of farm-raised and wild-caught sandworm pereis nuntia the diet for marine shrimp broodstock. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences, 6 (2), 65-75. doi: 10.3923/ajas.2012.65.75
Maknun, L., M. Sumsanto. (2023). Studi Teknik Pengelolaan Kualitas Air Pada Pemeliharaan Induk Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di PT. Suri Tani Pemuka Unit Hatchery Singaraja ,Bali. Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan dan Kelautan, vol. 5(3); 507–516.
Nawang, A., Trismawanti, I., & Parenrengi, A. (2014). Produktivitas Telur Dan Daya Tetas Induk Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) Asal Aceh dan Takalar. Prosiding Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur. Pp 701-707
Ocktovian, H., N. Nasmia, N. Serdiati. (2024). Frekuensi Pemberian Pakan Yang Berbeda Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Rasio Konversi Pakan Udang Vaname ( Litopenaeus vannamei ). Juvenil: Jurnal Ilmiah Kelautan dan Perikanan, vol.5(3); 324–335.
Okumura, T. (2004). Perspectives on Hormonal Manipulation of Shrimp Reproduction. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 38(1), 49-54. https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.38.49
Pratoomchaat, B., S. Piyatiratitivorakul, P. Menasveta, A.W. Fast. (1993). Sperm quality of pond-reared and wild-caught Penaeus monodon in Thailand. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, vol. 24 (4) : 530-540. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1993.tb00584.x
Pujianti, P., Suminto, & D. Rachmawati. (2014). Performa kematangan gonad, fekunditas, dan derajat penetasan udang windu (penaeus monodon fab.) melalui subtitusi cacing laut dengan cacing tanah. Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology,vol. 3(4), 158-165.
Primavera, J. H. (1985). A review of maturation and reproduction in closed thelycum penaeid. In Taki, Y., J. H.
Ramadhanthie, R., M.G.E. Kristiany, & D. Rukmono. (2020). Kajian teknis dan analisis finansial pembenihan udang vaname ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) di CV . Pasific Harvest Shrimp Hatchery , Banyuwangi , Jawa Timur. Buletin Jalanidhitah Sarva Jivitam, vol.2(1), 13–22.
Ridwan dan Ilham. (2024). Analisis pengelolaan pakan di panti pembenihan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone). Prosiding Seminar Nasional dalam Rangka Dies Natalis ke-36., vol.5(2004); 70–83.
Sabrina, Suminto, & D. Rachmawati. (2014). Performa Kematangan gonad, fekunditas dan derajat penetasan melalui pemberian kombinasi pakan alami pada induk udang windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.). Journal of Aquaculture Management and Technology, vol. 3(3), 1–7. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/94283-ID-performa-kematangan-gonad-fekunditas-dan.pdf
Santander-Avanceña, S. S., Traifalgar, R. F. M., Laureta, L. V., Monteclaro, H. M., & Quinitio, G. F. (2020). Interactive influence of dietary protein and lipid on maturation of Indian white prawn, Penaeus indicus broodstock. Aquaculture Research, August, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.15076
Stormy, V. (2022). Analisis Kandungan Nutrisi Cacing Laut Nyale Pada Perairan Pantai Wanokaka, Sumba Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Indigenous Biologi vol.5(2)
Sumarwan, J., Anwar, K., & Fatimah, F. (2025). Perkawinan Resiprokal Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei ) untuk Mendapatkan Generasi Terbaik pada Seleksi Famili. Buletin Jalanidhitah Sarva Jivitam vol. 7(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bjsj.v7i1.15561
Suryadi, D. Merdekawati, U. Januardi. (2021). Produktivitas Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Tambak Intensif di PT. Hasil Nusantara Mandiri Kelurahan Sungai Bulan Kecamatan Singkawang Utara. Nekton: Jurnal Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, vol.1(2); 104–114. https://doi.org/10.47767/nekton.v1i1.176
Suryaningsih, L., J. Gumilar, A. Pratama. (2017). Respon presentase hati sapi terhadap kadar protein, kadar lemak dan susut masak sosis daging sapi. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak, vol.17(2); 77-81. DOI: 10.24198/jit.v17i1.15274
Yanti, L.K.W., S.B. Samsuharapan, N. Meilisza. (2023). Produksi Benih Udang Vaname (Penaeus vannamei) dengan teknik ablasi mata pada induk betina. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perikanan Indonesia ke-24, vol. https://doi.org/10.15578/psnp.14979
